Resistivity
Property of bulk matter related to resistance of a sample is the resistivity r defined as:
where E = electric field and j = current density in conductor.
eg, for a copper wire, r ~ 10-8 W-m, 1mm radius, 1 m long, then R » .01W
So, in fact, we can compute the resistance if we know a bit about the material, and YES, the property belongs to the material !